1913 Alberta General Election
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The 1913 Alberta general election was held in March 1913. The writ was dropped on 25 March 1913 and election day was held 17 April 1913 to elect 56 members to the 3rd Alberta Legislature. Elections in two northern districts took place on 30 July 1913 to compensate for the remote location of the riding. The method to elect members was under the
First Past the Post In a first-past-the-post electoral system (FPTP or FPP), formally called single-member plurality voting (SMP) when used in single-member districts or informally choose-one voting in contrast to ranked voting, or score voting, voters cast their ...
voting system with the exception of the
Edmonton Edmonton ( ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city ancho ...
district which returned two members under a plurality block vote. The election was unusual with the writ period for the general election being a very short period of 23 days. Premier Arthur Sifton led the
Alberta Liberal Party The Alberta Liberal Party (french: Parti libéral de l'Alberta) is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest active political party in Alberta and was the dominant political party until the 1921 election ...
into his first election as leader, after taking over from
Alexander Rutherford Alexander Cameron Rutherford (February 2, 1857 – June 11, 1941) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the first premier of Alberta from 1905 to 1910. Born in Ormond, Canada West, he studied and practiced law in Ottawa before h ...
. Premier Rutherford had resigned for his government's involvement in the
Alberta and Great Waterways Railway Scandal The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway Scandal was a political scandal in Alberta, Canada in 1910, which forced the resignation of Liberal premier Alexander Cameron Rutherford. Rutherford and his government were accused of giving loan guarant ...
but remained a sitting member. Sifton faced great criticism for calling the snap election, after ramming gerrymandered electoral boundaries through the legislature, running up the provincial debt and neglecting on promised railways. The Socialist Party carried the banner for labour- and farmer-minded voters in five constituencies; in others, Independent candidates were of distinctively leftist sentiment.
Edward Michener Edward Michener (August 18, 1869 – June 16, 1947) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and senator from Alberta. Early life Edward Michener was born on August 18, 1867, to Jac ...
, the official opposition leader of the
Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...
, ended up capitalizing on anger toward the Sifton government. He would lead the largest opposition to date in Alberta history. The Liberals would win a comfortable majority of seats despite being almost even in the popular vote. The Socialist Party vote would collapse and lose their only seat as Charles M. O'Brien went down to defeat at the hands of a Conservative.


Events leading to the election


The campaign

The writ of election was issued after a sitting of the house on the night of 25 March 1913. The premier dropped the election writ and dissolved the house after he ensured that the governments legislation on new electoral boundaries had been given Royal Assent. The new boundaries gave the Liberals an advantage, not only were they blatantly gerrymandered to their favour, but the opposition and even private citizens had a tough time figuring out what district they were in. Day one of the campaign brought controversy as it was reported that Hotel organizers and Liquor establishments were being expected to donate generously to the Liberal campaign in order to get licence renewals for their establishments. Arthur Sifton, his lieutenant Charles Cross and Liberal candidate
Alexander Grant MacKay Alexander Grant MacKay (March 7, 1860 – April 25, 1920) was a Canadian teacher, lawyer and provincial level politician. He served prominent posts in two provincial legislatures as Leader of the Opposition in Ontario and as a Cabinet Ministe ...
each won nominations in two electoral districts. The Calgary Herald (a Conservative newspaper) surmised that Sifton and Cross were so scared of the electorate they felt they might not win if they ran in just one district. It accused Premier Sifton of having little confidence in his ability to return his government to power. The Liberal government in order to prevent possible vote splitting made promises of concessions to trade unions and labour organizations so that they would not publicly support leftist candidates. The Conservative Party protested the snap election by filing a legal injunction in the Supreme Court, to prevent the election from being held on 17 April 1913. The grounds for the injunction were based on the date of nomination closure being in violation of statue. The writs were issued with nomination day being 10 April 1913. The Conservatives argued that this was 10 hours short of the 16 full days prescribed in the Elections Ordinance, and the election should be ruled invalid.


Election issues

The big issues of the election centred on the Sifton government's lack of infrastructure building in Southern Alberta. The ballooning Alberta debt which in a few years had gone from C$2 million to C$27 million was talked about often.


Gerrymandered boundaries

Prior to the dropping of the writ the Sifton government forced a bill through the
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The Legislative Assembly of Alberta is the deliberative assembly of the province of Alberta, Canada. It sits in the Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton. The Legislative Assembly currently has 87 members, elected first past the post from singl ...
. The bill was entitled Bill 90: ''An Act to Amend an Act concerning members elected to the Legislative assembly of Alberta'' It was introduced in the assembly on 20 March 1913 and given Royal Assent on 25 March 1913. The bill increased the number of electoral districts in the province by 15. The boundaries did not contain equal population with one riding
Clearwater Clearwater or Clear Water may refer to: Places Canada * Clear Water Academy, a private Catholic school located in Calgary, Alberta * Clearwater (provincial electoral district), a former provincial electoral district in Alberta * Clearwater, Briti ...
only containing 74 people enumerated.
Calgary Centre Calgary Centre (french: Calgary-Centre; formerly known as Calgary South Centre) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. The riding consists of many young ad ...
was the largest population wise with 20,000 people enumerated. The bill drawn with a line at the centre of the province gave 30 seats to the north half of the province with 26 seats in the south. The Conservative and Socialist opposition vigorously opposed the bill, but failed to pass any amendments. The bill was jammed through third reading in the 25 March legislative sitting and given Royal Assent that evening, just shy of the writ of elections being dropped.


Siftonism

The Liberal campaign was dubbed "Siftonism" inferring that Sifton was a disease that needed to be cleaned from Alberta. The media at the time picked up on that, and roasted the Liberal party. The Conservative party attacked the Liberals on the Railway Scandal and Lack of provincial infrastructure.


Results

The final result was the
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...
, under its new leader, Arthur L. Sifton, won a third term in office, defeating the
Conservative Party The Conservative Party is a name used by many political parties around the world. These political parties are generally right-wing though their exact ideologies can range from center-right to far-right. Political parties called The Conservative P ...
, which was once again led by
Edward Michener Edward Michener (August 18, 1869 – June 16, 1947) was a politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and senator from Alberta. Early life Edward Michener was born on August 18, 1867, to Jac ...
. The opposition received a much higher proportion of the votes and increased its seat count to 17 from 2, while the Liberals again got more votes than the Conservatives and won many of the new seats, allowing them to hang onto a majority. The votes were split almost evenly between the Conservatives and Liberals with a difference of 4 percent separating the two parties. In the Rocky Mountain constituency, the Socialist vote doubled but the vote for the Conservative went up even more, to make that candidate the winner, and the Socialists lost their only seat in the Assembly. Oddly, the Assembly did not have its full complement of MLAs after the election, as C.W. Cross was elected to two seats. When this happened elsewhere, such as Laurier's election as MP in both the North-West Territories (including part of what would be Alberta) and Quebec, the double winner resigned one of the seats. But Cross held both seats until the next general election.


Summary

Note #Charles Cross ran in and won in two ridings. #Arthur Sifton and Alexander G. MacKay ran for the Liberals in two districts but only won in 1 district. #Liberal-Labor candidates were a result of the Liberal Labour coalition struck by Premier Sifton prior to the election, these candidates ran in place of Liberals. See also
Liberal-Labour (Canada) The Liberal-Labour banner has been used several times by candidates in Canadian elections: In the early twentieth century when the idea of trade unionists running for elected office under their own banner gained ground, several working class can ...
. #Liberal-Labor popular vote is included in Liberal vote.


Members elected

For complete electoral history, see individual districts , - ,
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51.65% , , George Gordon
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428
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19.60% , , , Robert E. Campbell
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41.74% , , Charles M. O'Brien (Socialist)
1,018
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889
70.56% , , W. Watson
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Lucien Boudreau Lucien Boudreau (August 6, 1874 – December 16, 1962) was a politician, mayor of St. Albert, Alberta, and member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (then called the Provincial Parliament). Early life Boudreau was born in St-Gregoire de Ni ...
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St. Paul Paul; grc, Παῦλος, translit=Paulos; cop, ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; hbo, פאולוס השליח (previously called Saul of Tarsus;; ar, بولس الطرسوسي; grc, Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς, Saũlos Tarseús; tr, Tarsuslu Pavlus; ...
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Prosper-Edmond Lessard Prosper-Edmond Lessard (February 3, 1873 – April 11, 1931) was a Canadian businessman, militia officer and politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1909 to 1921 sitting with the Liberal caucus in government. ...

441
55.75% , , L. Garneau
350
44.25% , , , , ''New District'' , - , Stettler , , , Robert L. Shaw
928
45.65% , , George W. Morris
907
44.61% , , Malcolm McNeil
198
9.74% , , , Robert L. Shaw , - , Stony Plain , , John A. McPherson
368
38.94% , , , Conrad Weidenhammer
577
61.06% , , , , , John A. McPherson , - ,
Sturgeon Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...
, , ,
John Robert Boyle John Robert Boyle, (February 1, 1870 or February 3, 1871 – February 15, 1936) was a Canadian politician and jurist who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, a cabinet minister in the Government of Alberta, and a judge on ...

936
62.73% , , James Duncan Hyndman
556
37.27% , , , , ,
John Robert Boyle John Robert Boyle, (February 1, 1870 or February 3, 1871 – February 15, 1936) was a Canadian politician and jurist who served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, a cabinet minister in the Government of Alberta, and a judge on ...
, - , Taber , , ,
Archibald J. McLean Archibald James McLean (September 25, 1860 – October 13, 1933) was a Ranch, cattleman and politician from Ontario, Ontario, Canada. He was one of the The Big Four (Calgary), Big Four who helped found the Calgary Stampede in 1912. Biography ...

1,231
68.16% , , William C. Ives
341
18.88% , , Thomas E. Smith (Socialist)
234
12.96% , , ''New District'' , - ,
Vegreville Vegreville ( uk, Веґревіль) is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is on Highway 16A approximately east of Edmonton, Alberta's capital city. It was incorporated as a town in 1906, and that year also saw the founding of the ''Vegrev ...
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Joseph S. McCallum Joseph Seeley McCallum (July 9, 1884 – July 22, 1945) was a Canadian politician from Alberta. Early life Joseph Seeley McCallum was born July 9, 1884 in Renfrew, Ontario to Angus McCallum and wife Jane Seeley. His family moved to Beaver Lake, ...

812
45.72% , , F.A. Morrison
420
23.65% , , Peter Savarich
544
30.63% , , ,
James Bismark Holden James Bismark Holden (October 4, 1876 – April 10, 1956) was a businessman and a municipal and provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1906 to 1913, sitting with the Liberal ...
, - ,
Vermilion Vermilion (sometimes vermillion) is a color, color family, and pigment most often made, since ancient history, antiquity until the 19th century, from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide, which is toxic) and its correspondi ...
, , , Arthur L. Sifton
772
47.68% , , J. George Clark
571
35.27% , , Gregory Krikevsky
276
17.05% , , ,
Archibald Campbell Archibald Campbell may refer to: Peerage * Archibald Campbell of Lochawe (died before 1394), Scottish peer * Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll (died 1513), Lord Chancellor of Scotland * Archibald Campbell, 4th Earl of Argyll (c. 1507–1558) ...
, - ,
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
, , , Francis A. Walker
773
62.49% , , R.A. Bennett
268
21.67% , , M. Gowda
196
15.84% , , , Francis A. Walker , - , Wainwright , , H.Y. Pawling
615
46.38% , , , George LeRoy Hudson
711
53.62% , , , , ''New District'' , - ,
Warner Warner can refer to: People * Warner (writer) * Warner (given name) * Warner (surname) Fictional characters * Yakko, Wakko, and Dot Warner, stars of the animated television series ''Animaniacs'' * Aaron Warner, a character in ''Shatter Me s ...
, , , Frank S. Leffingwell
314
43.67% , , W.H. Scott
137
19.05% , , William T. Patton
268
37.27% , , ''New District'' , - ,
Wetaskiwin Wetaskiwin ( ) is a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. The city is located south of the provincial capital of Edmonton. The city name comes from the Cree word ''wītaskiwinihk'', meaning "the hills where peace was made". Wetaskiwin is ...
, , , Charles H. Olin
780
57.35% , , George B. Campbell
580
42.65% , , , , , Charles H. Olin , - , Whitford , , , Andrew S. Shandro
499
45.70% , , R.L. Hughson
133
12.18% , , Paul Rudyk (Ind.)
312
28.57%
C. F. Connolly (Ind.)
148
13.55% , , ''New District'' , -


See also

* List of Alberta political parties


References


Citations


Bibliography

*
Application by law clerk to stop election Edmonton Daily Bulletin 5 April 1913


Further reading

*


Biographic books about members

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Alberta General Election, 1913 1913 elections in Canada
1913 Events January * January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...
March 1913 events in North America 1913 in Alberta